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US–Cuba Relations Timeline (1898–Present): From Intervention to Confrontation and Cautious Engagement

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US–Cuba Relations Timeline (1898–Present): From Intervention to Confrontation and Cautious Engagement

The relationship between the United States and Cuba has evolved through phases of intervention, dominance, hostility, and limited rapprochement. This timeline traces key developments from 1898 to the present, with particular emphasis on the Cuban Missile Crisis—arguably the most dangerous moment of the Cold War. 1898–1933: Intervention and Informal Empire The modern relationship begins with … Read more

After Orbán’s Fall from Power, Europe Wins a Fighting Chance

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After Orbán’s Fall from Power, Europe Wins a Fighting Chance

The electoral defeat of Viktor Orbán marks a turning point not only for Hungary, but for the broader European project. For more than a decade, Orbán positioned himself as a disruptive force inside the European Union—often described as a political “Trojan horse” aligned, rhetorically and strategically, with figures such as Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, and … Read more

A New Global Oil Crisis? Comparing the Energy Turmoil of Today with the Oil Crises of 1973 and 1979

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A New Global Oil Crisis? Comparing the Energy Turmoil of Today with the Oil Crises of 1973 and 1979

Introduction The global oil market is once again experiencing severe turbulence, reviving memories of the historic oil shocks of 1973 and 1979. In 2026, geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and disruptions to key shipping routes have triggered the largest supply disturbance in modern oil markets, removing millions of barrels of crude oil from global … Read more

From Hostages to Nuclear Talks: A Timeline of U.S.–Iran Relations, 1979–Today

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From Hostages to Nuclear Talks: A Timeline of U.S.–Iran Relations, 1979–Today

The relationship between the United States and Iran since 1979 has been one of the most complex and volatile in modern international politics. Once strategic allies during the Cold War, the two countries became adversaries after the Iranian Revolution replaced the pro-Western monarchy with an Islamic Republic deeply suspicious of American influence. Over the following … Read more

From Belgrano to IRIS Dena: The Return of Submarine Warfare

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From Belgrano to IRIS Dena: The Return of Submarine Warfare

In early March 2026, the sinking of the Iranian warship IRIS Dena by a United States submarine near Sri Lanka sent shockwaves through the international community. Beyond the immediate geopolitical consequences, the incident revived a historical comparison that analysts quickly began to highlight: the sinking of the Argentine cruiser ARA General Belgrano during the Falklands … Read more

Spain, the Iran Conflict, and the Primacy of International Law: A European Perspective on War, Alliances, and Defense Spending

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Spain, the Iran Conflict, and the Primacy of International Law: A European Perspective on War, Alliances, and Defense Spending

Introduction The recent escalation of tensions surrounding Iran has generated profound debate among Western allies regarding the legality, legitimacy, and strategic consequences of military action in the Middle East. While several governments have supported the United States’ confrontational approach toward Tehran, Spain has adopted a more cautious and legally grounded position. Madrid’s response reflects a … Read more

Board of Peace: Inside Trump’s New International Body for Gaza Peace

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Board of Peace: Inside Trump's New International Body for Gaza Peace

In an era marked by escalating geopolitical tensions, President Donald J. Trump’s Board of Peace emerges as a bold initiative aimed at fostering stability in conflict zones, starting with Gaza. Announced in early 2026, this ambitious project represents a cornerstone of Trump’s foreign policy, blending diplomacy, economic incentives, and international collaboration. As the world grapples … Read more