The 2026 Iran–United States–Israel Confrontation: objective analysis of causes, justifications, legal issues, likely endgames and economic consequences

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The 2026 Iran–United States–Israel Confrontation: objective analysis of causes, justifications, legal issues, likely endgames and economic consequences

Summary Between late February and early March 2026, coordinated strikes by the United States and Israel against targets inside the Islamic Republic of Iran produced a dramatic escalation: explosions in multiple Iranian cities, substantial Iranian retaliatory missile and drone attacks against Israeli territory and U.S. forces in the region, and significant civilian casualties and infrastructure … Read more

Hybrid Warfare: A Misleading Label for an Enduring Reality

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Hybrid Warfare: A Misleading Label for an Enduring Reality

Introduction: The Power and the Problem of a Concept In recent years, “hybrid warfare” has become one of the most frequently invoked terms in strategic analysis. It is used to describe conflicts that combine conventional military force with irregular tactics, cyber operations, disinformation, economic coercion, and political manipulation. The term gained particular prominence after 2014, … Read more

The Transnistria Conflict: Origins, Russian Aggression, and Paths to Resolution

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The Transnistria Conflict: Origins, Russian Aggression, and Paths to Resolution

Introduction More than three decades after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the conflict in Transnistria remains one of Europe’s most enduring “frozen conflicts.” Situated along the eastern border of the Republic of Moldova, this narrow strip of land has functioned as a de facto state since the early 1990s, supported politically, economically, and militarily … Read more

The Thucydides Trap Is a Myth: What Athens, Sparta, and History Actually Reveal

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The Thucydides Trap Is a Myth: What Athens, Sparta, and History Actually Reveal

The concept of the “Thucydides Trap” has become a central reference point in contemporary geopolitical analysis, particularly in debates about the trajectory of U.S.–China relations. Popularized by Graham Allison, the term suggests that when a rising power challenges an established one, war is not just possible but likely — perhaps even inevitable. The idea draws … Read more

Why a Palestinian State May Pose Strategic Risks for Israel

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Why a Palestinian State May Pose Strategic Risks for Israel

There are ideas that, at first glance, appear unquestionably just. The creation of a Palestinian state is one of them. It seems like the natural, moral, and, for many, inevitable solution. Yet this apparent self-evidence conceals a fundamental problem: what is just in principle is not always sustainable in practice. The refusal of Benjamin Netanyahu … Read more

Naval Blockade: History and Strategic Utility

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Naval Blockade: History and Strategic Utility

Introduction Naval blockades have long served as one of the most decisive instruments of maritime power. By restricting an adversary’s access to trade, resources, and communication, blockades can weaken an enemy without necessarily engaging in large-scale land battles. From ancient Greece to modern geopolitical chokepoints, blockades have shaped the outcomes of wars and influenced global … Read more

US–Cuba Relations Timeline (1898–Present): From Intervention to Confrontation and Cautious Engagement

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US–Cuba Relations Timeline (1898–Present): From Intervention to Confrontation and Cautious Engagement

The relationship between the United States and Cuba has evolved through phases of intervention, dominance, hostility, and limited rapprochement. This timeline traces key developments from 1898 to the present, with particular emphasis on the Cuban Missile Crisis—arguably the most dangerous moment of the Cold War. 1898–1933: Intervention and Informal Empire The modern relationship begins with … Read more

Geography Does Not Disappear: How Maps Still Shape Global Politics

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Geography Does Not Disappear: How Maps Still Shape Global Politics

Introduction: The Illusion of a Borderless World Globalization, digital networks, and advanced military technologies have encouraged a persistent illusion: that geography no longer matters. Information travels instantly, capital moves across continents in milliseconds, and precision weapons can strike targets thousands of kilometers away. Yet beneath this surface, the structure of international politics remains deeply rooted … Read more