The Degradation of Democracy in Turkey: From Atatürk’s Republic to Erdoğan’s Neo‑Ottoman Ambitions

The Degradation of Democracy in Turkey: From Atatürk’s Republic to Erdoğan’s Neo‑Ottoman Ambitions

Introduction For much of the twentieth century, Turkey occupied a unique position between Europe and the Middle East. Founded in the aftermath of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish Republic emerged under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as a secular, nationalist, and modernizing state. It was presented as proof that a predominantly … Read more

Strategic Stakes: Turkey and Israel in Somalia and Somaliland

Strategic Stakes: Turkey and Israel in Somalia and Somaliland

The Horn of Africa has become a critical arena for regional and global powers, with Somalia and Somaliland at the center of strategic competition. While Somalia struggles with decades of instability, militant activity, and weak governance, Somaliland has maintained relative peace and functioning institutions, despite its lack of international recognition. These contrasting realities shape how external powers, notably Turkey and Israel, pursue their interests in the region.