The Third Neighbor Strategy: Mongolia’s Geopolitical Survival Between Two Giants
Few countries face a geopolitical challenge as unique as Mongolia’s. Situated between two of the world’s most powerful states—Russia to the north and China to the south—Mongolia occupies a strategic position at the heart of Eurasia. With no access to the sea and a population of just over three million people, the country might appear vulnerable to external influence. Yet, since the end of the Cold War, Mongolia has developed an innovative foreign policy doctrine designed to preserve its sovereignty and strategic autonomy: the Third Neighbor Strategy.